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</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="Princely_state" title="Princely state">Princely state</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Salute_state" title="Salute state">Salute state</a></li>

<li><a href="British_paramountcy" class="mw-redirect" title="British paramountcy">British paramountcy</a></li>

<li><a href="Chamber_of_Princes" title="Chamber of Princes">Chamber of Princes</a></li>

<li><a href="Jagir" title="Jagir">Jagir</a></li>

<li><a href="Agencies_of_British_India" title="Agencies of British India">Agencies of British India</a></li>

<li><a href="Residencies_of_British_India" title="Residencies of British India">Residencies of British India‎</a></li>

<li><a href="Doctrine_of_lapse" title="Doctrine of lapse">Doctrine of lapse</a></li>

<li><a href="Political_pensioner" title="Political pensioner">Political pensioner</a></li>

<li><a href="Privy_purse_in_India" title="Privy purse in India">Privy Purse</a></li>

<li><a href="Standstill_agreement_(India)" title="Standstill agreement (India)">Standstill agreement</a></li>

</ul></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#dcf5dc 1px solid;">

Individual residencies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad</a></li>

<li><a href="Indore_Residency" title="Indore Residency">Indore (Holkar)</a></li>

<li><a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li>

<li><a href="Mysore_Residency" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Residency">Mysore (Maisur)</a></li>

<li><a href="British_Residency" title="British Residency">Quilon</a></li>

<li><a href="Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#dcf5dc 1px solid;">

Agencies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Bagelkhand_Agency" title="Bagelkhand Agency">Bagelkhand</a></li>

<li><a href="Baluchistan_Agency" title="Baluchistan Agency">Baluchistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Baroda_and_Gujarat_States_Agency" title="Baroda and Gujarat States Agency">Baroda and Gujarat States</a></li>

<li><a href="Baroda%2C_Western_India_and_Gujarat_States_Agency" title="Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency">Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhopawar_Agency" title="Bhopawar Agency">Bhopawar</a></li>

<li><a href="Bundelkhand_Agency" title="Bundelkhand Agency">Bundelkhand</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_India_Agency" title="Central India Agency">Central India</a></li>

<li><a href="Deccan_States_Agency" title="Deccan States Agency">Deccan States</a></li>

<li><a href="Eastern_States_Agency" title="Eastern States Agency">Eastern States</a></li>

<li><a href="Gilgit_Agency" title="Gilgit Agency">Gilgit</a></li>

<li><a href="Gwalior_Residency" title="Gwalior Residency">Gwalior Residency</a></li>

<li><a href="Jaipur_Residency" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaipur Residency">Jaipur Residency</a></li>

<li><a href="Madras_States_Agency" title="Madras States Agency">Madras States</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahi_Kantha_Agency" title="Mahi Kantha Agency">Mahi Kantha</a></li>

<li><a href="Malwa_Agency" title="Malwa Agency">Malwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Mewar_Residency" title="Mewar Residency">Mewar (Udaipur) Residency</a> and Western Rajputana Agency</li>

<li><a href="North-West_Frontier_States_Agency" title="North-West Frontier States Agency">North-West Frontier</a></li>

<li><a href="Palanpur_Agency" title="Palanpur Agency">Palanpur</a></li>

<li><a href="Punjab_States_Agency" title="Punjab States Agency">Punjab States</a></li>

<li><a href="Rajputana_Agency" title="Rajputana Agency">Rajputana</a></li>

<li><a href="Rewa_Kantha_Agency" title="Rewa Kantha Agency">Rewa Kantha</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_India_States_Agency" title="Western India States Agency">Western India States</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#dcf5dc 1px solid;">

Lists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_princely_states_of_British_India_(by_region)" title="List of princely states of British India (by region)">States by region</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_princely_states_of_British_India_(alphabetical)" title="List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)">States by name</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Rajput_dynasties_and_states" title="List of Rajput dynasties and states">Rajput States</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Maratha_dynasties_and_states" title="List of Maratha dynasties and states">Maratha States</a></li></ul></td>

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<p>The <b>Instrument of Accession</b> was a legal document first introduced by the <a href="Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Government of India Act 1935</a> and used in 1947 to enable each of the rulers of the <a href="Princely_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely states">princely states</a> under <a href="British_paramountcy" class="mw-redirect" title="British paramountcy">British paramountcy</a> to join one of the new <a href="Dominion" title="Dominion">dominions</a> of <a href="Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a> or <a href="Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> created by the <a href="Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of British India</a>.

</p><p>The instruments of accession executed by the rulers, provided for the accession of states to the Dominion of India (or Pakistan) on three subjects, namely, defence, external affairs and communications.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div>

<p>565 princely states existed in <a href="British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a> during the British Raj. These were not parts of <a href="British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>, having never become possessions of <a href="The_Crown" title="The Crown">the British Crown</a>, but were tied to the Crown by various treaties and were under the <a href="Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> of the Crown. British India and the princely states were together referred to as the "Indian Empire", commonly called "India".

</p><p>The <a href="Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Government of India Act 1935</a> introduced the concept of the Instrument of Accession, wherein a ruler of a princely state could accede his kingdom into the 'Federation of India'. The federation concept was initially opposed by the Indian princes, but it is believed that they came around to its acceptance by the beginning of World War II.

</p><p>In 1947, the British finalised their <a href="British_rule_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British rule in India">plans for leaving India</a>, and the question of the future of the princely states was a conundrum for them. As they were not <a href="British_possessions" class="mw-redirect" title="British possessions">British possessions</a>, they could not be partitioned by the British between the new sovereign dominions of India and Pakistan. The <a href="Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Indian Independence Act 1947</a> provided that the suzerainty of the British Crown over the princely states would simply be terminated, effective 15 August 1947. That would leave the princely states completely independent, even though many of them had been dependent on the Government of India for defence, finance, and other infrastructure. With independence, it would then be a matter for each ruler of a state to decide whether to accede to India or Pakistan, independence for princely states ruled out—they would join either India or Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">English <a href="Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article:

<div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:White_Paper_on_Indian_States_(1950)/Part_4/Instrument_of_Accession" class="extiw external" title="s:en:White Paper on Indian States (1950)/Part 4/Instrument of Accession">Instrument of Accession</a></b></div></div></div>

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Instrument of Accession of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

</p><p>Whereas, the Indian Independence Act, 1947, provides that as from the fifteenth day of August, 1947, there shall be set up an independent Dominion known as INDIA, and that the Government of India Act, 1935, shall, with such omissions, additions, adaptations and modification as the Governor-General may by order specify be applicable to the Dominion of India;

</p><p>And whereas the Government of India Act, 1935, as so adapted by the Governor-General provides that an Indian State may accede to the Dominion of India by an Instrument of Accession executed by the Ruler thereof:

</p><p>Now therefore I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ruler of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

in the exercise of my sovereignty in and over my said State Do hereby execute this my Instrument of Accession and

</p><p>1. I hereby declare that I accede to the Dominion of India with the intent that the Governor-General of India, the Dominion Legislature, the Federal Court and any other Dominion authority established for the purposes of the Dominion shall, by virtue of this my Instrument of Accession but subject always to the terms thereof, and for the purposes only of the Dominion, exercise in relation to the State of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (hereinafter referred to as "this State") such functions as may be vested in them by or under the Government of India Act, 1935, as in force in the Dominion of India on the 15th day of August, 1947 (which Act as so in force is hereinafter referred to as "the Act").

</p><p>2. I hereby assume the obligation of ensuring that due effect is given to the provisions of the Act within this state so far as they are applicable therein by virtue of this my Instrument of Accession.

</p><p>3. I accept the matters specified in the Schedule hereto as the matters with respect to which the Dominion Legislature may make laws for this State.

</p><p>4. I hereby declare that I accede to the Dominion of India, on the assurance that if an agreement is made between the Governor-General and the Ruler of this State whereby any functions in relation to the administration in this State of any law of the Dominion Legislature shall be exercised by the Ruler of this State, then any such agreement shall be deemed to form part of this Instrument and shall be construed and have effect accordingly.

</p><p>5. The terms of this my Instrument of Accession shall not be varied by any amendment of the Act or of the Indian Independence Act, 1947, unless such amendment is accepted by me by an Instrument supplementary to this Instrument.

</p><p>6. Nothing in this Instrument shall empower the Dominion Legislature to make any law for this State authorising the compulsory acquisition of land for any purpose, but I hereby undertake that should the Dominion for the purposes of a Dominion law which applies in this State deem it necessary to acquire any land, I will at their request acquire the land at their expense or if the land belongs to me transfer it to them on such terms as may be agreed, or, in default of agreement, determined by an arbitrator to be appointed by the Chief Justice of India.

</p><p>7. Nothing in this Instrument shall be deemed to commit me in any way to acceptance of any future constitution of India or to fetter my discretion to enter into arrangements with the Government of India under any such future constitution.

</p><p>8. Nothing in this Instrument affects the continuance of my sovereignty in and over this State, or, save as provided by or under this Instrument, the exercise of any powers, authority and rights now enjoyed by me as Ruler of this state or the validity of any law at present in force in this State.

</p><p>9. I hereby declare that I execute this Instrument on behalf of this State and that any reference in this Instrument to me or to the Ruler of the State is to be construed as including a reference to my heirs and successors.

</p><p>Given under my hand this. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .day of August, Nineteen hundred and forty-seven.

</p><p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

</p><p>I do hereby accept this Instrument of Accession.

</p><p>Dated this. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .day of August, Nineteen hundred and forty-seven.

</p><p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

</p><p>

(Governor-General of India)</p></blockquote>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accession_of_states_to_the_new_Dominions">Accession of states to the new Dominions</h2></div>

<p>The Instrument of Accession was the legal document designed to bring about accession, where a ruler had decided upon it. It was executed by the rulers of each of the princely states, individually, on the one hand, but took effect only if then accepted by the <a href="Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> or the <a href="Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Government of Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Among the more momentous of such accessions was <a href="Instrument_of_Accession_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" title="Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)">that concerning Jammu and Kashmir</a>, as executed on 26 October 1947 by <a href="Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a> <a href="Hari_Singh" title="Hari Singh">Hari Singh</a>, ruler of <a href="Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>. It gave control of the defence and external relations of the state to the government of India. The accession of Jammu and Kashmir was accepted by <a href="Louis_Mountbatten%2C_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma">Lord Mountbatten of Burma</a>, <a href="Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">Governor-General of India</a>, on 27 October 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-ia_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Indian_integration_of_Junagadh" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian integration of Junagadh">Instrument of Accession of Junagadh</a></li>

<li><a href="Instrument_of_Accession_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" title="Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)">Instrument of Accession of Jammu and Kashmir</a></li>

<li><a href="Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Annexation of Hyderabad</a></li>

<li><a href="Bantva_Manavadar" title="Bantva Manavadar">Bantva Manavadar</a></li>

<li><a href="Accession_of_Kalat" title="Accession of Kalat">Accession of Kalat</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFWiki_Source" class="citation cs2">Wiki Source, "Instrument of Accession", <a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/White_Paper_on_Indian_States_(1950)/Part_4/Instrument_of_Accession"><i>White Paper on Indian States (1950)/Part 4/Instrument of Accession</i></a></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/abriefhistoryofmodernindiarajivahir/page/n576/mode/1up?q=Mountbatten+plan">"The Mountabaten Plan, June 3, 1947"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ravindra Pratap Singh, <i>Geography and Politics in Central India: A Case Study of Erstwhile Indore State</i> (Concept Publishing Company, 1987), p. 501</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ia-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ia_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043512/http://www.centralexcisehyderabad4.gov.in/documents/history/1947_2.PDF">Instrument of Accession of Jammu and Kashmir State dated 26 October, 1947</a>, centralexcisehyderabad4.gov.in, accessed 28 October 2021</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051124054334/http://mha.nic.in/accdoc.htm">An Accession Document filled out for Jammu and Kashmir State</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jammu-kashmir.com/documents/instrument_of_accession.html">Instrument of Accession of Jammu and Kashmir in text mode</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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